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DOLLARWEED
Dollarweed (Pennywort)
[Hydrocotyle spp.]
DESCRIPTION
This
perennial weed is commonly found in very wet areas. Dollarweed can float in
water. Plants reproduce from rhizomes, and have leaves that are on long stalks.
Solid scalloped leaves are attached to the stalk on the underside and form an
inverted "umbrella" shape. Clusters of white flowers form in late
summer.
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Characteristic
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Description
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Growth Season
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perennial weed
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Growth Habit
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prostrate, spreading; leaves on erect long petioles
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Leaflet Number
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one
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Leaf Margin
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serrated/toothed; scalloped
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Leaf Hairs
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none
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Leaf/Leaflet Shape
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round
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Leaf Width
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1 inch to greater than 2 inches
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Leaf Venation
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palmate; petiole attaches to center of leaf and veins arise
from this point
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Leaf Arrangement
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alternate
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Root Type
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fibrous
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Flower Color
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white
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dollarweed
(pennywort) leaf-top
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dollarweed
(pennywort) leaf venation (bottom)
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Note: Still not
sure this is the right weed? The Turf
& Weed Identification Decision Aid may help. Check the TurfFiles glossary for definitions
of unfamiliar terms.
CULTURAL
CONTROL
Perennial
broadleaf turf weeds are capable of living more than two years. They thrive in
weak, thin turf; golf fairways and roughs; home lawns; playfields; and
industrial grounds. Proper turf maintenance is the key to control of this
weed. First, select adapted turfgrass cultivars for your area and then
properly fertilize, mow, and water to encourage dense growth.
CHEMICAL
CONTROL
Dollarweed is a difficult weed to
control for an entire growing season. Repeat spring applications of
trifloxysulfuron (Monument), metsulfuron (Manor, Blade, etc.), or imazaquin
(Image) in tolerant turf, as well as two, three, and four way broadleaf
herbicides offer postemergence control.
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Preemergence herbicides:
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Herbicide
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Tolerant Turfs (1)
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Average
Efficacy Rating(2)
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Range of Trial Efficacy Values, %
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Number of
Trials
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Products (3)
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atrazine*
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be, c, sa, z
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E
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0
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AAtrex 4L
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Postemergence herbicides:
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Herbicide
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Tolerant Turfs (1)
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Average
Efficacy Rating(2)
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Range of Trial Efficacy Values, %
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Number of
Trials
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Products (3)
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trifloxysulfuron-sodium
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be, z
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E
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74 - 100
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10
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Monument
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dicamba & MCPA & triclopyr
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ba, bc, be, bk, f, r, z
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E
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98
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1
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Cool Power, Horsepower
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dicamba
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ba, be, bk, f, r, z
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E
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0
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Banvel, Clarity, Vanquish
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glyphosate
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E
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0
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Glyphosate Original, Roundup, Touchdown Pro**
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2,4-D & dicamba & mecoprop
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bk, f, r, z
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G
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76 - 97
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5
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MEC Amine-D*, Trimec Bentgrass, Trimec Classic, Trimec
Southern, Triplet
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metsulfuron
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be, sa, z
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G
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69 - 95
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5
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Escort**, Manor
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2,4-D & carfentrazone & dicamba & mecoprop
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ba, bc, be, bk, f, r, z
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G
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83 - 91
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2
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Speed Zone, Speed Zone Southern
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2,4-D & clopyralid & dicamba**
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ba, bc, be, bk, f, r, z
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G
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78 - 96
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2
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Millenium Ultra 2
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2,4-D
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be, bk, f, r, z
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G
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0
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2,4-D amine, Solution Water Soluble
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clopyralid & triclopyr**
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be, bk, c, f, r, z
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F
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31 - 93
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5
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Confront
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Footnotes:
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(1)
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Turfgrass Codes:
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ba
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bahiagrass
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bc
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bentgrass, creeping
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be
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bermudagrass
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bk
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bluegrass, Kentucky
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c
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centipedegrass
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f
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fescue, tall
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r
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ryegrass, perennial
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sa
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St. Augustinegrass
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z
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zoysiagrass
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blank
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No turfgrass in the database is
completely tolerant. Check label to see if chemical can be used at a reduced
rate or during the dormant season on your turfgrass.
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(2)
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Efficacy Ratings:
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E
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excellent control (90 to 100%)
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G
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good control (80 to 90%)
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F
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fair control (70 to 80%)
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Efficacy ratings are based on
herbicide trials performed by weed scientists at North Carolina State University between 1997 and 2007. The number of trials included in the efficacy ratings
is displayed in the next-to-last column. The higher this number, the more
confidence can be placed in the efficacy values. Trials may have involved
sequential applications of one or more chemical. Details of individual trials
(herbicide rates, dates of application, environmental conditions at time of
application, etc) can be viewed on the TurfFiles web site, through the Turf Weed Management
Decision Aid.
Efficacy ratings for chemicals
lacking trial data are from “Pest
Management Strategic Plan for Turfgrass in the Southern United States,”
summary of a workshop for turf experts from multiple universities held in Griffin, GA in October, 2004 and sponsored by the Southern Region Integrated Pest
Management Center.
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(3)
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Recommendations of specific
chemicals are based upon information on the manufacturer's label and
performance in a limited number of trials. Because environmental conditions
and methods of application may vary widely, performance of the chemical will
not always conform to the safety and pest control standards indicated by
experimental data. The order in which brand names are given is not an
indication of a recommendation or criticism.
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Recommendations for the use of
agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to
the reader. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial
products or services does not imply endorsement by North Carolina State University or discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Other
brand names may be labeled for use on turfgrasses. Individuals who use
agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use
complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure
to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current
product label before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your
county's Cooperative Extension agent.
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© North Carolina State University. This information sheet was prepared
by Fred Yelverton, Bridget R. Lassiter, Gail G. Wilkerson, Leon Warren, Travis Gannon, Jenifer J. Reynolds, and Gregory S. Buol. Department of Crop
Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, North Carolina State
University. Prepared July 15, 2008. Available on-line at
www.turffiles.ncsu.edu. This publication was made possible through a grant
provided by the Center for Turfgrass Environmental Research & Education
(CENTERE) whose purpose is to support worthwhile projects that will benefit
both the private sector and the public, and protect the environment.
KEYWORDS FOUND IN THIS ARTICLE:
| Feb 01, 2010 |
2010 NC Turfgrass Conference
|
S. Brinton
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Characteristics of Weeds for Weed ID
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| Jan 08, 2008 |
Turfgrass of NC Conference
|
T. Gannon
|
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Managing Difficult Landscape Weeds
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| Jan 24, 2007 |
Master Gardeners, Durham County
|
L. Warren
|
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Winter and Spring Weed Control in Tall Fescue and Bermudagrass Turf
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| Jan 11, 2007 |
Dare County, NC
|
L. Warren
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Winter and Spring Weed Control in Warm Season Turf
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| Feb 20, 2006 |
Cumberland County TCNC Demo Days
|
L. Warren
|
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Newer Herbicides for Late Winter Early Spring Weed Control in Turf
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| Jan 10, 2006 |
Turfgrass of NC Conference
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M. Martin
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Making North Carolina Herbicide Recommendations Work for You
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| Feb 19, 2005 |
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L. Warren
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New Herbicides for Difficult-to-Control Weeds in Turf
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| Feb 15, 2005 |
Wake Co., NC Turf Meeting
|
L. Warren
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Postemergence Winter Weed and Preemergence Crabgrass Control
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| Jan 28, 2004 |
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F. Yelverton
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Sulfonylurea Herbicides for Warm-Season Turfgrasses
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| Jan 06, 2004 |
2004 TCNC Conference
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F. Yelverton
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Advanced Pest Mangaement
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| Nov 18, 2003 |
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F. Yelverton
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Carolinas Seminar - 2003 Myrtle Beach
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| Sep 30, 2003 |
2003 Pitt County
|
T. Gannon
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Fall Weed Control in Turf - 2003 Pitt County
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| Jun 20, 2003 |
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L. Warren
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Postemergence Control of Summer Weeds in Bermudagrass Turf - 2003 Presentation
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