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DANDELION, COMMON
Dandelion, Common
[Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers]
DESCRIPTION
Dandelion
is a perennial weed with a thick, fleshy taproot and no stem. Leaves grow in a
rosette from the crown. They are long, narrow, irregularly lobed, and lance shaped.
The lobed tips are often opposite each other and pointing toward the crown.
Leaves are often purple at the base and leaves and flower stalks emit a milky
white sap when broken. The deep golden yellow flowers are borne in heads on
long hollow stalks. Blossoms soon mature into spherical clusters of whitish
fruits, like white puffballs, composed of parachute-like seeds. Seeds are
carried by the wind. Cat's ear dandelion is similar to common dandelion. Common
dandelion plants can be distinguished because young leaves do not have hairs,
whereas cat's ear dandelion leaves have dense hairs.
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Characteristic
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Description
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Growth Season
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perennial weed
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Growth Habit
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rosette
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Leaflet Number
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one
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Leaf Margin
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irregular border; lobes point back toward base of plant
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Leaf Hairs
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older leaves may have hairs
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Leaf/Leaflet Shape
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young leaves are oval to spatulate; older leaves are
lance-shaped or oblong
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Leaf Width
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1/2 - 1 inch
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Leaf Venation
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pinnate
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Leaf Arrangement
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whorled or basal rosette
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Root Type
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taproot
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Flower Color
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yellow
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common dandelion
rosette
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common dandelion
seedheads
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Note: Still not
sure this is the right weed? The Turf
& Weed Identification Decision Aid may help. Check the TurfFiles glossary for definitions
of unfamiliar terms.
CULTURAL
CONTROL
Perennial
broadleaf turf weeds are capable of living more than two years. They thrive in
weak, thin turf; golf fairways and roughs; home lawns; playfields; and
industrial grounds. Proper turf maintenance is the key to control of this
weed. First, select adapted turfgrass cultivars for your area and then
properly fertilize, mow, and water to encourage dense growth.
CHEMICAL
CONTROL
Dandelion may be effectively
controlled in the fall or spring with two, three and four way broadleaf
herbicides, as well as with some sulfonylurea herbicides.
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Preemergence herbicides:
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Herbicide
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Tolerant Turfs (1)
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Average
Efficacy Rating(2)
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Range of Trial Efficacy Values, %
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Number of
Trials
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Products (3)
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atrazine*
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be, c, sa, z
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F
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0
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AAtrex 4L
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Postemergence herbicides:
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Herbicide
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Tolerant Turfs (1)
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Average
Efficacy Rating(2)
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Range of Trial Efficacy Values, %
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Number of
Trials
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Products (3)
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trifloxysulfuron-sodium
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be, z
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E
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98 - 100
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8
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Monument
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metsulfuron
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be, sa, z
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E
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100
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4
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Escort**, Manor
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2,4-D
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be, bk, f, r, z
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E
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0
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2,4-D amine, Solution Water Soluble
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clopyralid & triclopyr**
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be, bk, c, f, r, z
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E
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0
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Confront
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dicamba
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ba, be, bk, f, r, z
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E
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0
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Banvel, Clarity, Vanquish
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glyphosate
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E
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0
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Glyphosate Original, Roundup, Touchdown Pro**
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2,4-D & triclopyr*
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bk, f, r
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G
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0
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Chaser
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fluroxypyr
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ba, bk, c, f, r, sa, z
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F-G
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0
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Spotlight
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2,4-D & carfentrazone & dicamba & mecoprop
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ba, bc, be, bk, f, r, z
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F
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59 - 96
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2
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Speed Zone, Speed Zone Southern
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2,4-D & mecoprop
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ba, be, bk, f, r
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F
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73 - 76
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2
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Scotts Turf Builder With Plus 2
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atrazine*
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be, c, sa, z
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F
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0
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AAtrex 4L
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clopyralid**
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ba, bc, be, bk, c, f, r, sa, z
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F
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0
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Lontrel
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Footnotes:
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(1)
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Turfgrass Codes:
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ba
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bahiagrass
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bc
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bentgrass, creeping
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be
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bermudagrass
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bk
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bluegrass, Kentucky
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c
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centipedegrass
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f
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fescue, tall
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r
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ryegrass, perennial
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sa
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St. Augustinegrass
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z
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zoysiagrass
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blank
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No turfgrass in the database is
completely tolerant. Check label to see if chemical can be used at a reduced
rate or during the dormant season on your turfgrass.
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(2)
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Efficacy Ratings:
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E
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excellent control (90 to 100%)
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G
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good control (80 to 90%)
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F
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fair control (70 to 80%)
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Efficacy ratings are based on
herbicide trials performed by weed scientists at North Carolina State University between 1997 and 2007. The number of trials included in the efficacy ratings
is displayed in the next-to-last column. The higher this number, the more
confidence can be placed in the efficacy values. Trials may have involved
sequential applications of one or more chemical. Details of individual trials
(herbicide rates, dates of application, environmental conditions at time of
application, etc) can be viewed on the TurfFiles web site, through the Turf Weed Management
Decision Aid.
Efficacy ratings for chemicals
lacking trial data are from “Pest
Management Strategic Plan for Turfgrass in the Southern United States,”
summary of a workshop for turf experts from multiple universities held in Griffin, GA in October, 2004 and sponsored by the Southern Region Integrated Pest
Management Center.
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(3)
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Recommendations of specific
chemicals are based upon information on the manufacturer's label and
performance in a limited number of trials. Because environmental conditions
and methods of application may vary widely, performance of the chemical will
not always conform to the safety and pest control standards indicated by
experimental data. The order in which brand names are given is not an
indication of a recommendation or criticism.
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Recommendations for the use of
agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to
the reader. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial
products or services does not imply endorsement by North Carolina State University or discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Other
brand names may be labeled for use on turfgrasses. Individuals who use
agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use
complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure
to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current
product label before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your
county's Cooperative Extension agent.
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© North Carolina State University. This information sheet was prepared
by Fred Yelverton, Bridget R. Lassiter, Gail G. Wilkerson, Leon Warren, Travis Gannon, Jenifer J. Reynolds, and Gregory S. Buol. Department of Crop
Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, North Carolina State
University. Prepared July 15, 2008. Available on-line at
www.turffiles.ncsu.edu. This publication was made possible through a grant
provided by the Center for Turfgrass Environmental Research & Education
(CENTERE) whose purpose is to support worthwhile projects that will benefit
both the private sector and the public, and protect the environment.
KEYWORDS FOUND IN THIS ARTICLE:
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