Symptoms

Red thread develops in circular or irregular patches from 4 inches to 2 feet in diameter. Affected leaves within these patches are tan or bleached-white in color. From a distance, the patches usually have a reddish appearance, due to the presence of thick, red strands of fungal growth emanating from the affected leaves. It is through production of these “red threads (sclerotia)” that the fungus spreads to healthy plants and survives unfavorable conditions. Small tufts of pink, fuzzy mycelium may also be present in or around the patches when the leaves are wet or humidity is high. After prolonged periods of disease development, the patches may merge to produce large irregularly shaped areas of damaged turf.

Development Factors

The red thread fungus is able to cause disease at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80°F, but develops most rapidly at approximately 70°F. Red thread affects grass that is growing slowly for any reason: inadequate fertilization, drought stress, cool weather, low light intensity, excessive traffic, or many other pest or environmental stresses.

Red thread is most severe in the spring and fall, when extended periods of cool, wet, and overcast weather slow growth of the turf and favor growth of the pathogen. Because of its wide temperature range, red thread can develop at any time of year when a slow-growing host and sufficient leaf wetness are available.

Cultural Control

Fertilize to meet the nutritional needs of the turf and maintain vigorous growth. Submit a soil sample for nutrient analysis regularly, and apply recommended amounts of phosphorus, potassium, and lime. Apply nitrogen based on university recommendations to prevent weak, thin turf; however, avoid overstimulation and the development of lush, succulent turf.

Irrigation should be performed between midnight and 6 AM to prevent prolonged periods of leaf wetness. Never irrigate in the late afternoon or early evening. Apply a sufficient amount of water to wet the entire root zone, then reapply when the turf first starts to show signs of drought stress. Prune or remove trees, shrubs, or other barriers to increase air movement and sunlight penetration. Remove clippings from affected areas when the disease is active to reduce spread of the disease, and wash infected clippings from equipment before entering uninfected areas.

Chemical Control

Fungicides are available for control of red thread, but are usually not necessary if proper cultural practices are implemented.

* Products marked with an asterisk are not labeled for home lawn use.

¹Other trade names with the same active ingredients are labeled for use on turfgrasses and can be used according to label directions.
²Units are oz, fl oz, or lb depending on formulation. Apply fungicides in 2 to 5 gallons of water per 1,000 square feet according to label directions. Use lower rates for preventive and higher rates for curative applications.
³Use shorter intervals when conditions are very favorable for disease.
⁴Fungicide Resistance Action Committe code. Products with same code have the same mode of action and are in the same chemical class.
* Products marked with an asterisk are not labeled for home lawn use.

Efficacy Rating
++++ = excellent control when conditions are highly favorable for disease development
+++ = good control when disease pressure is high, excellent control when disease pressure is moderate
++ = good control when disease pressure is moderate, excellent control when disease pressure is low
+ = good control when disease pressure is low
? = not rated due to insufficient data

Resistance Risk
Low = Rotate to different chemical class after 3-4 applications; tank mixing not necessary
Medium = Rotate to different chemical class after 1-2 applications; tank-mixing with low or medium risk product recommended
High = Rotate to different chemical class after EVERY application; tank-mix with low or medium risk product for EVERY application
? = not rated due to insufficient data

Species Data

• HOST SPECIES
  • Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, fine fescue, perennial ryegrass
• MONTHS WITH SYMPTOMS
  • March to June, September to December
• STAND SYMPTOMS
  • spots, circles, patches (4 to 12 inches)
    Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14
• FOLIAR SYMPTOMS LOCATION / SHAPE
  • dieback from leaf tip, blighting of entire leaves
• FOLIAR SYMPTOMS COLOR
  • red, pink, tan
    Figure 15
• ROOT / CROWN SYMPTOMS
  • none
• FUNGAL SIGNS
  • thread-like sclerotia